When you work on integrations, sooner or later someone from Engineering will ask a question like: “Are we going to use an API key or OAuth?” For a Product Manager, both can sound like different technical ways of doing the same thing: allowing one system to access another. There is some truth to that, but…

Authentication and authorization are two words that often appear together in conversations with Engineering and Security. Because they are closely related, it is easy to treat them as if they were different names for the same thing but they are not. The simplest way to remember the difference is: Authentication answers: “Who are you?”Authorization answers:…

If you work with Engineering, sooner or later you’ll hear something like this: “The service has 99.9% availability.” Or perhaps: “We need to get to 99.99%.” At first glance, the difference seems almost irrelevant. We’re moving from 99.9% to 99.99%. Both are very close to 100%, so how much can that extra nine really matter?…

You open your dashboard and see 742 payment errors. Your first reaction is probably that something is wrong. Seven hundred and forty-two sounds like a lot, and if payments are failing, it is the kind of number that can quickly turn into a Slack message, an incident or a conversation with Engineering. You need some…

Product Managers make decisions constantly: which feature to prioritise, where users abandon a journey, whether a release has improved activation or which customer segment uses a particular feature the most. Many of those answers are hidden in the data. The problem is that they are not always available in a dashboard. When you depend on…

APIs are behind many of the experiences we use every day. They allow applications to retrieve information, send data, process payments, authenticate users and connect with other products and services. When a weather application displays the current forecast, an online store checks the status of a payment or a travel platform shows available hotels, an…